Basic Rules of Interpretation and Construction of Statutes:

Construction of the words is to be done in their ordinary and grammatical meaning. General, ordinary common words are to be given their ordinary meaning. Where words provide clear and unambiguous meaning, the Courts are not entitled to read something more in those words than that which is contained in them. Where the meaning of a statute is clear and explicit, words can not be interpolated. It is not competent for a Judge to modify the language of an Act in order to bring it in accordance with his own views. Where the Statute has expressly provided for the specific meaning of a term, the statute must be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of those terms. Technical words are to be used in their technical meaning. The Court shall avoid a construction, which is meaningless. The Court shall alter or modify the law.   - Court shall liberally interpret a statute promoting social justice or public benefit.   - Court shall strictly interpret statutes intending to deprive a citizen of his rights.   - Court shall give a uniform meaning to the same words in a statute.   - Court shall harmoniously construe the provisions of a statute.   - Court shall give effect to a provision and make it workable.   - Court shall give effect to the provisions of a statute irrespective of the consequences.   - In case of alternative construction – the right alternative, which ensures smooth working, is to be   chosen.   - Casus Omissus cannot be created or supplied.   - Court shall interpret the provision to suppress the mischief and advance the remedy.   - The penal and taxing statutes must be strictly construed.   - Interpretation and Construction of the statutes requires the help of internal and external aids.